It rose to prominence with its adoption as the flag and national symbol of the Ottoman Empire and some of its administrative divisions ( eyalets and vilayets) and later in the 19th-century Westernizing tanzimat (reforms). The combination is found comparatively rarely in late medieval and early modern heraldry.
In numismatics in particular, the term crescent and pellet is used in cases where the star is simplified to a single dot. The star, or Sun, is often shown within the arc of the crescent (also called star in crescent, or star within crescent, for disambiguation of depictions of a star and a crescent side by side). Coins with crescent and star symbols represented separately have a longer history, with possible ties to older Mesopotamian iconography. Both elements have a long prior history in the iconography of the Ancient Near East as representing either the Sun and Moon or the Moon and Venus (Morning Star) (or their divine personifications). The symbol is the conjoined representation of a crescent and a star. The conquering Muslim rulers kept the symbol in their coinage during the early years of the caliphate, as the coins were exact replicas of the Sassanian coins. ĭuring the 5th century, it was present in coins minted by the Persian Sassanian Empire the symbol was represented in the coins minted across the empire throughout the Middle East for more than 400 years from the 3rd century until the fall of the Sassanians after the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century.
300 BC, though it became more widely used as the royal emblem of Pontic king Mithradates VI Eupator after he incorporated Byzantium into his kingdom for a short period. It was developed in the Greek colony of Byzantium ca. The star and crescent is an iconographic symbol used in various historical contexts, including as a prominent symbol of the Ottoman Empire, with numerous modern countries still using it as a national symbol.
Standard modern design of an Islamic star and crescent.
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